Using the right oil for the air compressors ensures proper lubrication of all mechanical parts involved in the machinery. It reduces friction, supports heat dissipation and enhances the working efficiency of the compressor.
Motor oils contain chemical detergents that help prevent residue buildup within the engine. On the other hand, compressor oils do not typically include these additives because they serve different functions and using them in compressors could potentially damage the machinery and contaminate the airflow. Furthermore, compressor oils prioritise lubrication and protection against wear and corrosion, which is why they have different additive formulations.
Our article focuses on the different types of oil for compressors, helping you understand which one is ideal for your air compressor needs. We’ll then go through the factors that will help you select the right air compressor oil.
A] Types of Air Compressor Oils
1. Synthetic oils
Synthetic oils, made in laboratories, help air compressors operate quietly. They also work really well in different temperatures, keeping the compressors from getting too hot. They have a greater life span and perform better than oils made from minerals. Synthetic oils are widely used in heavy industries like manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and mining. They excel in high-temperature and high-load compressor operations. Air compressors for chemical industry and petrochemical industry often rely on synthetic oils for handling aggressive chemicals and gases while providing resistance to oxidation and degradation. Power generation sectors utilise synthetic oils in air compressors for their superior thermal stability and performance in high-pressure, high-temperature applications.2. Mineral-based oils
Mineral-based compressor oils are made from a petroleum refining process and are cheaper than synthetic oils. These types of oils are meant mostly for compressors used for lighter applications. It is because mineral oils are volatile for heavy applications and will most likely evaporate or get used faster. Mineral-based oils are suitable for lighter applications in industries like manufacturing, woodworking, food processing, and textiles. They are cost-effective for routine operations for automotive air compressors. HVAC systems can benefit from mineral-based oils in lower temperature conditions.3. Semi-synthetic oils
The semi-synthetic compressor oils are known for their brilliant thermal & hydrostatic stability. Moreover, such oils have high oxidation stability, which increases the service life of the machine. It is ideal for robust applications. Semi-synthetic oils are versatile and cost-effective, making them ideal for various industries and applications. They are useful for air compressors used in general manufacturing, packaging, woodworking, and small-scale industrial operations. Additionally, semi-synthetic oils are beneficial for air compressors at construction sites, offering a favourable balance of performance and cost.B] Factors to Consider When Choosing Air Compressor Oil
To help you decide on which type of compressor oil would be fit for your specific purpose, here are some factors for you to consider:
1. Compressor type and design
Every air compressor is different in terms of functionality and design. Therefore, it becomes of utmost importance for you to check what oil goes well with the specific type you prefer. For that, you can assess the power and airflow that all of your appliances require across the business machines. Select an ideal oil that reciprocates well to the load the machine is supposed to withstand. In general you can choose the following oils for the following compressors:
- Reciprocating Compressors: Mineral-based oil or synthetic oil.
- Rotary Screw Compressors: Synthetic oil or semi-synthetic oil.
- Centrifugal Compressors: Synthetic oil or a combination of synthetic and mineral-based oil.
2. Operating conditions and environment
The optimal operating temperature for an air compressor typically falls within the range of 50 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit. This temperature range ensures that the components of the compressor are not exposed to the risks of freezing or overheating, thereby maintaining their performance and preventing damage. However, it’s important to acknowledge that operating conditions can vary based on different factors.
The environment in which the compressor is utilised and the type of gas being compressed both play significant roles in determining the appropriate quality of lubricating oil required. These factors should be taken into consideration when selecting the suitable oil for lubrication purposes in the air compressor.
3. Manufacturer’s recommendations and specifications
When you are about to choose the oil for air compressor, the best way to ensure that you choose the right oil for the compressor motor is to follow the instructions specified by the manufacturer.
Check with the specifications of the air compressor, go through the manufacturer’s recommendations on the pack, and then you will be able to make the right choices.
4. Viscosity requirements
Viscosity is a critical property to consider when purchasing compressor oil. It determines the lubricant’s strength, efficiency, and its ability to prevent friction between moving parts. Higher viscosity oils can withstand higher pressures without experiencing a squeezing effect.
The ideal viscosity grades for compressor oils are SAE30 and SAE20. The primary difference between them lies in their density, with SAE30 being more dense than SAE20. The choice of viscosity grade depends on the operating environment. In colder environments, SAE20 is a suitable option due to its lower viscosity. In warmer or hotter environments, SAE30 is more practical to ensure optimal performance.
5. Oil additives and their significance
Understanding the additives present in compressor oil is crucial to achieve the best results. It is important to strike a proper balance between non-synthetic and synthetic additives to ensure optimal performance. When examining the specifications of compressor oils, pay attention to the presence of antioxidants, surface activity additives, and oil demulsification additives.
Antioxidant additives play a vital role in delaying acid formation and oxidation. By doing so, they extend the overall lifespan of the oil and protect the air compressor. Surface activity additives are responsible for preventing foaming of the oil, which can negatively impact its performance. Oil demulsification additives help separate water from the lubricant oil, ensuring that the oil maintains its lubricating properties effectively.
By considering the presence and effectiveness of these additives, you can select a compressor oil that provides enhanced protection, longevity, and performance for your air compressor.
6. Environmental factors and special applications
Environmental factors and special applications play a crucial role in selecting the appropriate compressor oil. It is important to consider the ambient and outlet temperature ranges of your air compressor, as these temperatures determine the ideal oil for optimal performance.
Additionally, the level of dust contamination in the environment should be taken into account to ensure the selected oil can effectively protect and lubricate the compressor. For instance, environments such as cement factories tend to have higher dust levels compared to automobile factories.
Furthermore, the humidity and moisture content in the intake air are significant factors in oil selection. If the compressor’s intake air has high humidity, it will require a different type of lubricant compared to situations where the air intake is less humid or non-humid.
7. Researching and consulting with experts
To determine the appropriate oil for your air compressors in India, it is advisable to seek assistance from experts. Engage in a discussion with them regarding the specific type of air compressor you utilise and its operational demands. Additionally, provide information about the appliances or machinery that your compressor is connected to.
After you provide all the requested information, the experts will conduct an assessment of the operational intensity required by the system. Based on the findings, they will provide recommendations for the ideal type and brand of compressor oil that suits your needs.
8. Understanding compatibility with compressor components
It is crucial to ensure that the compressor components are compatible with the oil you are using and can effectively lubricate them. Failure to do so may result in the compressor shortening the lifespan of the lubricating oil. This issue often arises when the compressor components generate excessive heat during operations, leading to incompatibility with the oil.
To address this, it is highly important to match the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) specifications with the ISO standard of the oil to ensure compatibility between them. Seeking assistance from experts can provide you with valuable insights to assess this factor more effectively.
9. Consideration of cost-effectiveness and long-term performance
Ultimately, the final consideration factor is cost-effectiveness and prolonged performance. Depending on your air compressor specifications, the right oil will ensure that the mechanical parts do not experience wear & tear due to overheating or unwanted friction. As a result, the air compressor will run efficiently for a long time.
On the other hand, various brands are providing you with compressor oils at unexpectedly high pricing. Therefore, you should also look for options that don’t feel overpriced but replicate the same quality as you expect.
Our guide, Tips For Extending Air Compressor Life Across Industries, can help you explore some more ways you can optimise your air compressor for long-term performance.